Analyse

Learning journey

1. Plan a survey: define a focused question about visible lichen patterns at Kew. Select comparable, accessible sampling areas and decide how many observations to record before starting.

2. Collect consistent data: use the same method at each site. Record the substrate, location, light exposure and surface condition. Use a scale or a repeatable visual estimate for patch size only when safe and permitted.

3. Describe and classify: record thallus growth form and visible reproductive structures. Use photographs that show both the whole patch and diagnostic details; do not claim a species identification that the evidence cannot support.

4. Analyse: organise observations in a table or graph. Compare patterns across the sampled sites and describe variation. A relationship between two observations is a correlation; it does not by itself show that one caused the other.

5. Evaluate: identify limitations such as small sample size, uneven surfaces, changing moisture or differences in light. Explain how a repeat survey could improve reliability.

Learning focus

Pupils apply classification, sampling, data presentation and evaluation to biological observations. They distinguish recorded evidence, interpretation and uncertainty, and communicate conclusions with appropriate limits.

Kew fieldwork

Follow Kew staff instructions and use only permitted routes and surfaces. Leave lichens undisturbed. Do not climb, scrape, collect or enter restricted areas. Check that photographs and records contain no identifiable visitors or personal information before sharing.